Under the term 'hybrids' we group a number of different technologies that, in their own way, offer different characteristics, advantages and savings. First let us make the first distinction, on the mass market there are basically four categoriesMicro Hybrid, Mild Hybrid, Full Hybrid and Plug-in Hybrid.

The cheapest solution is undoubtedly the Micro Hybridis the least efficient, but also the least invasive: it often does not require an electric starter belt to the heat engine. Usually, these cars use only 12 V systems and electric motors of less than 5 kW, which only help the Start&Stop start the heat engine quietly and quickly and can recharge the central battery through regenerative braking. Micro Hybrid technology saves about 3 to 6% in terms of emissions and fuel consumption; it is not possible to drive in electric mode 100% because there is no real electric motor.

After this type, there are the Mild Hybridon-board systems run at 48 V and the generators and electric motors have a power output of between 10 and 15 kW. In this case, the hybrid system is not only able to assist the combustion engine during Start&Stop and utilise regenerative braking for recharging, but also improves instantaneous torque. As far as emissions and consumption are concerned, the gain is roughly between 7 and 15%. It is not yet possible to drive with zero emissions, but it is one of the most popular technologies due to its excellent quality/price ratio.

Then we come to technology Full HybridThis is the first one that also allows driving in electric 100% mode, with electric motors and generators of between 30 and 50 kW. At the moment, not many manufacturers produce hybrid cars of this type, the limitation being that before the heat engine starts you only have 5-10 km of electric 100% road, the advantages on emissions and consumption are between 15 and 30%.

You will certainly have realised that the best technology, among the best-selling hybrid cars, is the Plug-in Hybrid, even if the list prices are higher and today perhaps not yet affordable. The real hybrid experience, however, is only here, with Start&Stop assistance, additional electric torque, energy recovery, 100% electric drive, and a battery that offers between 40 and 65 km of zero-emission driving. Electric motors and generators have power outputs of between 60 and 100 kW, the batteries touch 300/400 V and can collect around 13-15 kWh of energy. As far as emissions and consumption are concerned, we are talking about advantages between 50 and 75% compared to a conventional petrol or diesel car. Before buying a hybrid car - there are many brands offering them on the market today, Toyota for example makes record numbers in this sector - it is essential to know about these four technologies, for an informed purchase.

Certain of having provided useful and welcome information, on behalf of the Technical Help Desk team, I wish you good work.

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